Assessing social contracts for urban adaptation through social listening on Twitter

Adapting to climate change impacts requires a coherent social contract in which different actors agree on a clear distribution of roles and responsibilities. An urgent requirement is to understand the imagined social contracts on expected roles and responsibilities, which is particularly relevant in cities where very diverse social groups come together. However, there is limited empirical evidence on these expectations as they are often tacit and hard to capture across large populations and heterogeneous groups. Here we assess the social contract on flood risk management in Mumbai, using the concept of social listening in combination with Twitter data. We find wide gaps between and within imagined social contracts. Sentiments such as frustration and apathy expressed in tweets explain these gaps and highlight the need to build trust for achieving accepted and effective social contracts for adaptation. Theoretical, empirical, and methodological lessons can be transferred to other cities and beyond.


Rationale for why we need to talk about these
Provides the opportunity to lay open the heterogeneous/diverse/diver ging viewpoints which are often implicit, tacit and difficult to capture Allows an understanding of the existing distribution of roles and responsibilities (de facto) Helps to identify the legally defined roles and responsibilities held by different actors (de jure)

Definition
Describes actors' envisioned goals and viewpoints on the distribution of roles and responsibilities Describes the "real-life" goals and observable distribution of roles and responsibilities between actors Describes the formally defined goals and visions and legally encoded distribution of roles and responsibilities between actors Core question in this analysis Which roles and responsibilities are imagined and expected?
Which roles and responsibilities are observed and performed?
Which roles and responsibilities are formally codified?

Forms of expression
Perception ("this is what I believe it to be"/ what they think the actor will do); expectation ("this is how it should be"/ what the actor should do); hope/aspiration ("this is how I wish it to be"/what they hope or think the actor can be doing) Mumbai is vulnerable to extreme rain events during monsoon so for that purpose local Doppler radar is very important to warn people. It's been over 3 weeks IMD Mumbai Radar not working. Local media needs to cover this story. This has happened way too many times last few years.

Ecosystems
This sub-code refers to Tweets which express complaints about the condition of ecosystem protection.
16 years on, Brimstowad drainage system still unfinished.
Wetlands of Mumbai are concretized, mangroves are being uprooted. Walls are built in our rivers and natural nullahs.
Coastal road is just one of the reasons. The more reclamation, more water will keep clogging Mumbai. https://t.co/5acyKJ32XN Potholes This sub-code refers to Tweets which complain about potholes on roads.
Hard to believe but true. ₹48 crore spent on filling 33,000 potholes this monsoon in Mumbai. ₹14,000 spent on fixing each pothole. But roads full of potholes even now. https://t.co/BmhQLOmxEd @VinodMishra4U @mihirkotecha @rais_shk @AmeetSatam @ShelarAshish Electricity shortage This sub-code refers to Tweets which complain about electricity shortage as an impact heavy rainfall.

Building collapse
This sub-code refers to Tweets which complain about the conditions of buildings leading to building collapses during heavy rainfall in the monsoon.
On July 16, 2020, i was near the building after collapsed due to heavy rain and also the building was in detoriated condition that led to this tragedy of 20+ dead. Now the rainy season is due in July requesting @mybmc, @mayor_mumbai to please take care of detoriarating buildings. https://t.co/EwXpU9lC

Drainage
This sub-code refers to Tweets which complain about the condition and cleaning of the drainage system before the monsoon. This is Aarey Metro Depot plot where natural floodplain was filled up A plot that was lower in level than Mithi river (zoom in) The result of filing up floodplains is for all to see today https://t.co/Vr7qjwPyRX Locations mentioned In the absence of georeferenced Tweets, this code was assigned to Tweets which contain the name of a location.
Andheri Subway waterlogged in #Mumbai as rain continues to lash the city.